Given these limitations, other routes of administration of antidotes have been explored ( Bebarta et al., 2014a, b, 2017). Some limitations of IV hydroxocobalamin include the need for intravenous access, high volume administration, and the need for reconstitution of the lyophilized compound prior to administration. Concerns about inadequate stocking of cyanide antidotes, and the limitations of current antidotes for mass casualty application in the event of a large-scale exposure have been highlighted ( Gasco et al., 2013). Departments of Defense and Homeland Security ( Bebarta et al., 2014a, b ). Given its potentially deadly nature and its potential for use in a large-scale chemical attack, cyanide has been a chemical of interest of various governmental agencies including but not limited to the U.S. There is continued investigation into alternative antidotes for cyanide poisoning. Bebarta, in History of Modern Clinical Toxicology, 2022 Recent investigations
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